Shear structure for glass machinery



o. M. TUCKER ET AL SHEAR STRUCTURE FR GLASS MACHINERY 8 Sheets-Sheet l 7e n u Filed J June 21, 1932- o. M. TUCKER ET AL v 1,864,277

SHEAR STRUCTURE FOR GLASS MACHINERY Filed June 2s, 1920 a sheets-sheet`2 June 21, 1932. o. M. TUCKER ET AL 1,354,277

SHEAR STRUCTURE FOR GLASS MACHINERY r Filed June 28, 1920 8 Sheets-Sheet3 June 21, 1932.

o. M. TUCKER ET AL SHEAR STRUCTURE FOR GLSS MACHINERY Filed June 28,1920 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 @AM 77%. JMW INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

June 21, 1932.

o. M. TUCKER ET Al.

SHEAR STRUCTURE FOR GLASS MACHINERY Attorney.

June 21, 1932. o. M. TUCKER ET AL 1,864,277

SHEAR STRUCTURE FOR GLASS MACHINERY Filed June 28, 1920 8 Sheets-Sheet 6WMM L @bwa ??IL, MM; inve-nto@ June 21, 1932. 'o. M. TUCKER ET'AL SHEARSTRUCTURE FOR GLASS MACHlNERY 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed June 28, 1920 wmgrime/rdc@l MMG/m June 21, 1932. o; M. .TUCKER E' AL 1,864,277

v SHEAR STRUCTURE FOR GLASS MACHINERY Y 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Patented June21,y 1932 UNITED STATES OLIVER E. TUCKER .A N'D WILLIAM'.

CU T, A CORPORATION 0F DELAWARE PATENT OFFICEl Y`a. REEVES, or ooLmUs,omo, assumons, :BY man ASSIGNMENTS, :no Hannon-EMPIRE COMPANY, OFHARTFORD, CONNECTI- SHEAR S'I'RUCTURE FOR GLASS'MACHIN'ERY Applicationmea rune as, 1920. serial no. 392,231.

direction and to meet practically every condition, withno adjustmentinterfering with any other adjustment.

Certain features of the invention disclosed by this application are alsodisclosed byour prior copending application, Serial No.

120,429, iiled Sept. 16, 1916, method and ap-v paratus for separatingquantities of molten glass from mass, of which the present application,therefore, is a continuation in part.

An important feature of our apparatus resides in the fact that it may beadjusted so as to provide for raising or lowering the Shears, foradjusting them longitudinally 0r laterally and for tilting them eitherin a lateral direction or longitudinally if it should be desired.

' We have further provided a structure of shear mounting which permitsof adjustment of the shears to vary the degree of overlapping of theshear blades without varying the throw of the structure which causes themovement of such shea-rs into and out of overlapping relation.

We Vhave plied in pairs, one-to each shear arm. These ',guides which areattached to the shear arm v charges so that they will drop with substan-Y 4 o j tial perpendicularity into the molds.

are especially prepared with reference to the size of the bushing andwith reference to the tilt of the shears and they servelthe purpose ofinsuring the positioning of the lump We have also provided in connectionwith our shear structure and the operative mecha- Y nism therefor, ameansforoperating the shears at a high `rate of speed. This' we beingpreferably greater than fthe spee off bringing them. together. vThe.structure is such that theshear blades may be brought further provided aseries4 ofl guides for lump charges which are to be ap` together 'atample speed and with ample f power to ensure an eicient cutting actlonand may be separated with a greater speed. The result of this is thatthe blades eifect a clear and clean cutting action and are in contactWith the glass for a minimum period of time with the result that nodamage is done to the shear blades and that there is no chill markplaced upon the freshly cut end of the glass column except -such a oneas will be removed by the heat of the glass.

In addition, we have provided a differential pistonconstruction in theoperating mechanism for the shears and we have provided a valveconstructed along similar lines whereby the action of closing andopening of the shear arms may be continued indefinitely when operated bythe intermittent application of air pressure thereto.

There are many other features of advantage in our invention which willappear as this description progresses. The preferred embodiment of ourinvention is shown in the accompanying drawings wherein similarcharacters of reference designate corresponding parts and wherein Figurelis a s ide elevation of our shear structure shown applied to aglassidelivery spout.

Figure 2 is a. transverse section of the structure shown in Figure 1,taken in front of the front-supporting post and looking toward thefurnace.`

Figure 3 is a detail in `bottom rear end of the shear structure.

Figure 4 is a sectional view of the structure shown in Figure 3.

cylinder and connecting parts removed. Figure 6 is a detail vlew takenat-right angles tothe post and yoke structure. illustrated in Figure 2.

Figure 7 is a partial vertical longitudinal section taken on line7--7 ofFigure 8 ofthe shear operating mechanism detached-.from `theapparatus'which supports it at its rear end and showing the shearsclosed. In this figure, the piston which operates the shear structure isshown at the forward end of its plan of the Figure 5 is a frontelevation of the-struci ture shown in Figures3 and 4 With-the shear 'loostroke and just before the controlling valve therefor has moved into theosition it assumes during the movement o the piston in the oppositedirection.

Fig. 8 is a. top plan view ofthe structure shown in Figure 7 with theshear blades open.

Figure 9 is a longitudinal section taken approximately on line 9-9 ofFigure 11 of the shear operating cylinder and piston and the valvestructure. In this ligure, the piston which operates the shear structureis shown at the forward end of its stroke and just before thecontrolling valve therefor has moved into the position it assumes duringthe movement ofthe piston in the opposite direction.

Figure 10 is a similar longitudinal section taken approximately on line10-10 of Figure 11 of the structure shown in Figure 9 but taken along adierent line and showing the position of the piston and valve structurewhen the shears are opened.

Figure 11 is a transverse section taken on line 11-11 of Figure 10 andillustrating the way in which the air delivered through pipe 84 passesthrough the check valve 84a to the space above the piston of the valve81.

Figure 12 is a plan view of the valve containing structure removed.

Figure 13 is a side elevation of the valve removed. l,

Figure 14 is a plan view of this valve.

Figure 15 is a detail view of the choking device for limiting theexhaust of air from in front of the larger piston area.

Figure 16 is a similar detail view of the choking device for limitingthe exhaust of air from in front of the smallerv piston area.

kFigure 17 is a detail in plan illustrating the shear post structure andthe shear lubricating mechanism.

Figure 18 is a sectional view of this shear lubricating mechanism.

Figure 19 is a vertical section of the shear post structure taken online 19-19 of Figure 17 and the elements carried thereby.

Figure 2O is a plan view of one of the shear blades detached.

Figure 21 is a front elevation illustrating the curvature of the cuttingedge of the shear blades.

Figure 22 is a transverse section of one of the shear blades alsoillustrating the curvature of its cutting edge.

' Figure 23 is a bottom plan view of the shear blades shown in Figuresand 21.

Figure 24 is a plan view of the front end of the shear arms with theblades removed.

Figure 25 is a transverse section taken on line 25-25 of Figure 24 ofthe structure shown in Figure 24 with the detachable blades shown indotted lines.

Figure 26 is a side elevation ofthe shear post removed.

Figure 27 is a side elevation of the collar which embraces the shearpost and rests upon the shear arms.

Figure 28 is an end elevation of the trunnioned pin by which the collaris forced downward to hold the shear arms together. Figure 29 is avertical section of one of the vertical posts for connecting the sheararms to their operating links.

Figure 30 is a top plan view of thepost shown in Figure 29.

Figure 31 is a bottom plan View of the post shown in Figure 29.

Figure 32 is a detail view of thel expanding bolt which is adapted to beinserted lnto the bottom of the post shown in Figure 29.

Figure 33 is a detail view of the upper end of the shear postillustrating the slot through which passes the trunnioned pin shown inFigure 28.

In' the drawings, our entire shear structure is shown mounted upon ourpreferred form of spout in Figure l. The descri tion of this entirestructure will be divided .into several successive parts which may betermed, respectively, the positioning mechanism, the

' shear actuating mechanism, the shear lubricating device, the shearblades and the guide members.

The positioning mechanism is shown best in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,wherein it will appear that our shear structure, which is mounted uponthe bottom of the spout frame comprises a base plate 1 upon which isintegrally mounted a split'housing 2. This base plate is secured to thespout frame by means of bolts 3. This split housing is designed toadjustably receive the shank of a clevis 5, which sli'ank is cylindricalin form and is provided at its rear end with a threaded bore for thereception of an adjusting screw Gcarrying at its rear end a star handwheel 7. The split in the housing 2 may be designated 8 and thetightening or loosening of this split sleeve upon the shank of theclevis 5 is under the control of a screw bolt 9 having a handle 10. Whenit is desired to move the clevis shank and therefore the shearsforwardly or rearwardly, it is necessary to operate the handle 10 toloosen the split housing, whereupon this clevis shank and the shearstructure maybe adjusted either forwardly or rearwardly by rotationof-the starhand wheel 7.

The clevis 5 is also capable of a rotary adjustment for the purpose 0;?tilting the shears bodily and their guides to any desired angle. Thisrotatable adjustment is first rendered.- possible by loosening the`split sleeve through the medium of the handle member. 10 and thenV itis'accomplished by means of a supplemental' clevis arm 11 having abifurcate portion 12. This bifurcate portion embraces a downwardlydependingbolt 13 carriedby the'base plate 1 i and threaded throughoutits length. Mounted upon the`bolt 13 are two star wheels 14 and 15 andan interposed spanner sleeve 16, which spanner sleeve is slightlygreater in .length than the depth of 4the legs of the Vsupplementalclevis arm 11 is adjusted to tilt the shear members or to return them toperfectly level position.

The clevis 5 is provided near its outer extremity with a vertical pivotpin 17 upon which is mounted a universal knuckle 18 having a pivot shaft19 at right angles to the pivot 17. The shear actuating means isprovided up' on its rear end with spaced perforatc lugs 20 between whichfit one sleeve of the 'universal knuckle 18 so that the pivot pin 19 maypass through the register-A mg opemngs in such lugs and in said sleevewith the result that the actuating means is given a universal support atits rear end and upon the clevis 5. This actuating means is thusrendered capable of any desired movement and in practice the pin 19 willnormally be held in place by the weight of the said actuating meansthereon. In Figure 3 we have shown a cotter pin 21 kkfor retaining thepin 19 in position but under normal conditions this is unnecessary. Thestructure shown in Figures.3,4 and 5 with the exception of the actuatingmeans and the perforate lugs 2O thereon is permanently mounted upon thespout framework while the actuating 4means may be readily removed bymerely knocking out the pin 19.

The forward end of the spout structure-is supported by a post 22 whichcarries at its upper end a yoke 23 (see Figure 2) which yoke is providedwith one permanent side as at 24 and with a side member 25 which' iscapable of being held in permanent vertical position but which is alsocapable of being swung downwardlyand outwardlyto permit of removal ofthe shears and their actuating mechanism which are disposed between theupright sides or legs of the said yoke. The` adjustable side or leg 25of this yoke is pivoted at its lower end in between a vbifurcate struc--ture 26 of the yoke by means of a pivot p in 27 and it is also providedat its lower end with a stop extension member 28 designed to abutagainst the shoulder 29 to limit the downward movement of this member 25while the pin 27 limits its outward movement.'

The member 25 is mounted upon the pivot pin 27 by means of a slot 30 sothat the member 25l when in upright position will be.ca'l

pable of a vertical sliding movement upon this pin. The purposevof thisis illustrated clearly in Figure 2 wherein the upper end of the member25 is shown fitting into a recess 31 in the bottom of the spout frame.In attaining this position, the member 25 is first swung from dottedline to full line position and then the wedge member 32 is forced intothe slot 33 `and by exerting pressure between the/upper edge of the yokeand the top of the slot 33 causes the member 25 to move upwardly intothe recess 31 and to remain in this position with the result that thismember 25 becomes for the time being a permanent side or leg of theyoke. The extent to which the wedge 32 may be forced inwardly is limitedby the cross pin 34.

Adjacent the forward end of the shear actuating means and on the underside thereof we have provided a rounded bearing surface 35 which is aportion of a'true circle which is concentric with the central line ofthe'shear mechanism which is also coincident with the center line of theshear blades. This bearing surface is designed to rest upon the top of astar hand wheel 36 which is in turn mounted upon the top of a screwmember 37 threaded into a sleeve 38 forming an integral part of the yokemember. Thus, the rotation of the star hand wheel 36 will serve toeither raise or lower the forward end of the shear structure whichswings about the pin 19 previously described. The forward end of thisshear structure is normally forced downwardly by a leaf spring 39 andwhen once adjusted vertically by rotation of the star hand wheel 36,this adjustment may be maintained by means of the handle lock nut 40.It. will -bev seen that the provision of the specially rounded bearingsurface 35ensuresthat the height from the center of the shears to thebottom of the bushing will always be the same v.regardless of the extentto which these shears haveV been partially rotated by means of theadjustments previously described.

A means .is also provided and mounted upon the yoke structure for thepurpose of providinga ready lateral adjustment of the forward end of the.shear mechanism. This means is such that the proper adjustment may beattained regardless of the degreeof rotation of the shear actuatingmechanism. It takes'the form of a pin 41 passing through the side24ofthe yoke and bearing atits inner end upon a rounded' surface 42. Thispin is normally .pressed against this rounded sur- I .face 42 by meansofthe coil spring 43 'restingat 'one end against the flange of the yokemem'- v 275' ber`24 as at 44 and `bearing'at the other endl upon ashoulder 45 carried upon` this pin.

Bearing uponthe opposite side of the shear actuating mechanism and moreparticularly laoy upon the rounded surface 45 thereof isa pinf`130 47threaded as at 48 and having a star hand wheel 49 thereon. The saidpin47 may be adhandle lock nut 51. Thus, the shear actuating mechanismand the part carried thereby are held against sidewise movement b``^ thecoactive elect of the pins 4l and 47 an side adjustment may be effectedmerely by rotation of the star-hand wheel 49 after release of the handlelock nut 51. Furthermore, the rounded surfaces 42 and 46 being likewiseconcentric with the rounded surface and the longitudinal center line ofthe shear structure and blades permit of ready and proper adjustmentregardless of the degree of rotation of the shear structure and bladesby the mechanism previously described. Likewise, the surfaces 35, 42 and46 ensure against any distorted adjusting action due to any likelyadjustments which may have been made longitudinally of the shearstructure.

The shear actuating mechanism is shown best in Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,12, 13, 14, 15 and 16. It comprises a cylinder 52 constructed toaccommodate a piston of differential area construction whichoperates bymeans of a cross-head and connecting mechanism to close and open theshears. Operating within the cylinder 52 is a piston having a head 53and a decreased portion 54. To the front end of this decreased portion54 there is a piston rod 55 connected to a cross-head 56 which in turnis connected at its ends'to links 57 and 58. These links 57 and 58 arein turn pivotally connected to lateral extensions 59 and 60 upon theshear arms 61 and 62. The slear arms 61 and 62 are pivotally mounted asat 63 upon the member which carries cross-head guides 64 and 65, whichguides are integral extensions of a cylindrical sleeve 66.

This cylindrical sleeve- 66 is a split sleeve and is longitudinallyadjustable upon a/decreased portion 67 of the cylinder' 52. Thisadjustment is effected by means of the pierced lugs 68 and 69 upon thecylinder 52, the

ierced lug 70 upon the sleeve 66 and the nuts 71, 72 and 73 upon thestud74. The nut 71 serves as a lock nut. The result is thatany rotationof the nut 72 must bring about a longitudinal movement of the sleeve 66and yet all of the parts are held in perfect alignment and locked thereby the lock nut 71.

An important feature of this invention arises from the fact that in thestructure just described, the pivot about which the shears swing may bemoved either forward or backward with relation to the mechanism whichcauses the operation of the shears. The immediate result of this is thedegree to which the shears overlap in operation may be predetermined atwill.V Thus, the overlap may be maintained constant regardless of thewidth of the 'blades being used or it may be varied vspace 85.

Returning to the cylinder and piston conv struction thro h which poweris applied to close ando n t e shear, 1t will be noted that the pistonead 53 is subject to pressure from both sides and has a greater area onsideV 75 than it has on side 76. It will also be noted that the reducedextension 54 of the piston is provided with an annular channel 77.

`The cylinder 52 is rovided at its rear extremity with two out et ports78 and 79. It is also provided in. the larea within which works thereduced extension 54 of the piston with an arcuate groove 80 extendingfor a substantial distance around the inner periphery of the c linder.`The purpose of the outlets 7 8 an 79 and the groove 80 will be morefully disclosed 'y as this description progresses.

The diierential piston is under the control of a constantly appliedpressure having elect upon the surface 76 of the piston head and anintermittently applied pressure havlngaect upon the surface 75 of thepiston ea v Normally, the piston head 53 is at the end of the cylinderas shown in Figure 10. It is held in this position by the constantpressure air having eect upon surface y7 6 and by the fact that there isno pressure being applied to the surface 75. The valve 81, shown best inFigures 9, 10, 13 and 14, is similar in construction tothe dierentialpiston and is normally held raised by air pressure applied constantly tothe lower end of the valve as at 82. The valve 81 is provided with valveshoulders 81 and 81". 81 controls the exhaust of air from the space infront of the surface 75 of the piston while 81"` controls the inletofair to the space in front of suchA surface. It will be understood thatthis air pressure is being constantly supplied from a main air reservoirto this chamber through the port 83. There is a port 84 for themomentary admission of air under pressure to the space 85 above theiston of the valve 81. (See Figures 11 and 12.

The control for this introduction of air under pressure to this space 85preferably takes the form of an automatically driven timer with theresult that at chosen intervals, air under pressure is admitted throughthe prt 84 and'through a ball check 84a to the Whenever pressure air isthus admitted to the space 8&5, the valve 81 is forced downwardly andconstant pressure air passes upwardly around the lower end of the valve81, between the guides 86 thereof and into the passage 87, thence upthrough the ball check valve 88, through the passage 79 to a pointbehind the piston head 53 where it has effect upon the surface of suchpiston head. The piston then starts to move forwardly and with it movethe piston iod, the cross-head, and

the links operated thereby to bring the shear 'arms and the shear bladesinto shearing relation;

At the end of this stroke which constitutes the end of the shearingaction, the channel 77 in the reduced portion of the piston comes intoregister with the arcuate groove 80. When this occurs, the pressure airabove the piston 81 is permitted to escape through the passage 89,passage and passage 91, arcuate port 80, annular channel 77 and passage92 extending along the cylinder wall to the atmosphere, whereupon theconstant pressure aii'- will lift the valve 81.

It is also important to note that our shear structure may be adjusted toany of the positions indicated above -while the machine is in operationand the shears are Aperforming their cutting action.` This is a veryimportant feature in the maintenance of production of glassware. It ishighly desirable, as will be appreciated, to make any adjustments thathave to be made without stopping any portion of the feeding device. Themovement of the piston 53 to either end of its chamber is cushioned by aspecially provided means for decreasing the exhaust ofrair from in frontlof the surface opposite to that'surface to which air under pressure isat the moment being applied. Thus, when the piston 53 starts to move tothe left in Figure 9 under the impulse of air applied to the surface 76, the air in the cylinder 52 and in advance of the surface 75 is firstforced through the passages 7 8 and 79. Reference tOJFig'ure 10 willshow that the passage 78 communicates with a passage 96 but that at thepoint of communication therewith passage 96 is fitted with a bushing 97for restricting the outlet area through which the air beingexhausted'inay pass. A similar condition applies on the movement of thepiston from its furthermost left-hand position in Figure 10 into theposition in which it appears in Figure 9. The air in front of thesurface 76 is forced through passage 98, pas

sage 99 and bushing 100 of passage 101. The

effect of this bushing is to produce a choking of the air which is beingforced back into the supply line to a material extent in a mannerAsimilar to thecholing action of bushing 97. These bushings which areshown best in Figures 15 and 16 may be removed and replaced by bushingsof different size and they afford a semi-permanent'controlling means,that is, a controlling means which is not accessible to the averageoperator of the machine. l They placeA a controlon the speed of movementof the piston 53i-n either direction i the closing is somewhat slowerthan the opening. This avoids a hammering action of the shears at theend of the cutting stroke and ensures a quick withdrawal. Under theseconditions, the shears are in contact withithe glass for a minimumperiod of time. Bythis construction, it ispossible yto so operate theshears that the instant of closure and opening of the shears cannotbedetected with the eye'. It will be understood from Figure 9, however,that upon closing of the shear the ball check 93 prevents the escape ofair from the cylinder by. the passage 95, thus forcing all of the airout through the passages 98 and 99 and the bushing 100. In addition, itwill be noted thatthe movement ofthe piston .53 toward the left inFigure 9-results vin the forcing of the air throughboth ofthe passages78 and 79. Eventually, this piston` 53 coversport 7 8 and finallycompletely forces outof port 78passes'through the relativelylarge-apertured bushing 97 inpassage' 96,and the air which is thenforced ont of port-79 passes through passage l102 immediately adtheremainder of the air out `tliroughport y jacent ball valve 88 and thenceinto passage 103 which also. receives the exhaust ,air passingfromv-passage7 8 through bushing97.- yIt will he noted that theipassage1027is a very restricted areawilththe result that the a-irconfinedinbetweenthe piston surface 75 and the cylinder head after theport78 `has been closed by such piston is permitted to exhaust withrelative slowness. This ensures a suf ficient air cushion -to absolutelypreclude any undesirable hammering action. v The exhaust air thusdelivered to passage. 103 lthen passes along channel 87 and up betweenthe guides in valve 81 through channelsflOl anda-105 which lead to theatmosphere.

Theshear lubricating device (shown best in Figuresy 17, 18 and 19)comprises a means 106: and -107 which are detachably vlmounted "forbothcooling andflubricating the shears. .It desirably comprises f two pairs.of`v` nozzles upon the enlarged ends 108.and Y109 of conduits 110 and111 which in `the form shown constitute integral parts of the innersurfaces of the shear arms and which lead from central controlling portsin the shear post structure 63. Referring particularly to Figure 19,vair with oil in suspension therein is introduced by means of a flexiblepi e into tube 112 from which it passes throug ports 113 and thenupwardly through passage 114 and passage 115 to ducts 116 and 117. Theseducts 116 and 117 lead directly into the conduits 110 and 111 but onlywhen the shear arms are spread wide apart to the position shown inFigure 17. At this time, the air carrying the oil blows directly ontothe shear blades. However, the shear post 63 with the ducts 115, 116 and117 therein is precluded` from rotation by means of the pin 119 so thatthe register of the ducts 116 and 117 with the conduits 111 and 110 onlytakes place at the time when the shear arms are spread wide apart. Byreference to Figure 18, it will be noted that the cooling andlubricating fluid, due to the multiple nozzle structure and the anglesat which they point, is thrown both upon the up er and lower sides ofthe blades so as to e ect a quick and uniform cooling and lubricatingaction. More particularly, the angle of the fluid nozzles 106 and 107,as shown in Figure 17, is such as to direct the iuid not only on bothsides of the blades but to more -particularly direct it along andclosely adjacent to the actual cutting edges. It is not only that theair cools the bladeswhile the oil lubricates them, because there is anadditional action wherein both the air and oil supplement each other.The point is that the air and oil combine to eifectually' remove theheat from the shear blades, and particularly from those portions of theblades which are inthe glass first on the cutting action and which arelast withdrawn upon the opening of the shear blades. Fur- 40 thermore,the arms 61 and 62 which carry the shear blades are desirably made ofbronze for the reason that this material serves to extract the heat fromthe blades to a maximum degree.

4,5 The shear blades (which are best shown in Figures 20, 21,22 and 23)are a highly novel form. They are designated 120 and 121 and areprovided with V-shaped cutting ed es 122. The cutting edges of these blaes 5 are designed to move into overlapping relation and the contactingsurfaces of these blades are both of very flat i conical form. Thus theblade 120 shown in Figures 20, 21, 22, 23 and 25 is provided on its 5,5under surface as at 123 with a long flat curved contour while the blade121 (Figure 25) is provided on its upper surface with anidenticalcontour. The result is that when these blades come' together andthroughout their cutting action they always maintain a double pointcontact while the surfaces outside of these points of contact are forcedmore and more away from each other. Thus, at all times there is a `tiveshearing action b cutting edges which grip and enclose the co umn ofglass and which gradually draw these points of contact together tocompletely sever the glass. The blades are provided on their upper andlower faces respectively with bevel surfaces as at 124.

. Furthermore, these blades are provided at lthe outermostpoints thereofwith ground-ofi portions 125 and 126 as shown in Figures 20 and 21 sothat the initial' bringing of these blades together will assure a properassumption of their cutting relation.

A tension device thereon co-operates with the shear post structure tofirmly hold the shear arms in position thereon'. It comprises a collar127 having a base flange 128 and having diametrically opposed openingsof circular form 129 for the insertion of key 133. The lower edges ofthese openings 129 are cut away as at 130 for the purpose of formingbearings for the trunnions of the key 133. The collar is separated fromthe upper shear armA by a washer of hardened ground steel and the sheararms are separated from each other .and from the post-supporting memberby similar steel washers These washers may be designated 131.Registering with the openings in the collar welhave provided a keywayextending.,r diametrically through the shear post at right angles to thecenter line of the shear as at 132. Extending transversely through thekeyway 132 is a key 133 having trunnions 134 which rest in the cutoutportion 130 of the collar member. The opening provided through thiscollar and A.through the shear post afford room for vertical movement ofthe key. The key is 'forced downwardly by means of a coil spring 135bearing upon the upper surface thereof and held in position to exertpressure upon such key by means of a cap 136 threaded into a socket inthe upper end of the shear post. In structure, the key is provided withfiat vertical surfaces on either side and with rounded upper and lowersurfaces. It is important to note that the key is disposed at rightangles to the center line of the axis of the shears with the result thatany tendency toward separation of the shear blades is effectually\overcome.

The'oil carried in the air passing through and into the various ducts ofthe pivot post works its way over the surfaces with which the variouswashers contact and these washers are perforated at intervals to ensurea uniform distribution of this lubricant to all of the moving parts.Furthermore, the pivot post is provided with opposed vertical grooves137 tofurther ensure this proper distribution of the lubricant.

The guidemembers take the form' of depending arcuate plates 138 and 139which plates are respectively carried by the shear arms 62 and 61. Thesearcuate plates are designed to surround the charge of glass at theinstant of cutting and thereby to ensure either by contact with theglass or by juxtaposition to the glass that everycharge cut will dropverticali and strike -upon its lower end in the mol in ordertofacilitate and tend to ensure that the .charges will settle verticallyand distend laterally in the molds. Each pair of guides is soconstructed that it Will have a definite and predeterminedangle ofinclination from the vertical and that under normal operation of theshears the distance between the center points of the interiorsof suchguides Will be predetermined. Therefore, each pair of guides is providedWith calibrations which indicate the angle of inclination and the properand normal distance between these center points of their interiors. Theguides are selected for use, With relation to the distance between thecenter points 'of their interiors and With particular reference to thesize of bushing through which the glass is being delivered. -Althoughthese guides Will operate With different size delivery oriices, thedesired and preferableuse of them contemplates one pair of guides of adefinite size foreach delivery orifice'of adefmite size.

Y The angle of inclination of these guides l38'and 139is also of. vitalimportance.- The cutting of the chargeinevitably resultsina tendencytoward batting:of the upper end .of the charge, this beingparticularlytrue in the formation andl production of relatively shortcharges. This tendency t-owardpbatting is somewhat neutralized .by thetilting of the shears as previously described 4but the ill effect ofthis action is completely obviated by the depending guides. These guidesmay take manydifferent forms. v lTheir essential characteristic is thatat the instant of cutting they ensurethat the charge will be centeredand will be dropped .vertically .so as to strike upon its lowermostend.One guide may be.

longer tha-nthe other. One may be at a different angle vfrom the other.One `may be vertical. In other Words, they may vary as to angle, shapeorlength or as to all three of these, depending upon the conditions ofoperation.. Thus, the guides having one angleof inclination maybesuitable to a given size of delivery orifice and a givenlength of chargebut may not` be suitable if either the size of the delivery orifice orthe length of thecharge is varied. The guides are marked to indicatetheir various structural characteristics," for instance7 the angle atwhich they will depend from the shears, the extent to Whichthey willapproach each other, et cetera. kThese guides 138 and 139 areso mountedon the shear arms by means of the bolts llrand 14:1- and by means of thethreaded bosses 142 and 148 extending into socket-s in the base.` of`grooves the shear blades.

extend the threadedibosses -1l2-andz l43"ar'e' machined to 'arcuateformas-ati1fl4 tio coact with similar 'machined "surfaces 145 fontheexteriors .of the guide membersaboverand' below the sockets 142and (143so -thatwvhenj these guides :areplaced in position 'anddr'auvij intorigid relatlon with.the2shearffarmsby.

ofthe guidesgmay'likevvise be accomplished by the adjustment of thesleeve member-GGby rotating the nut. 72 Which'not only serves to varythe degreey of overlapping of thenshear blades but also serves to vary.the. degree to which the other.

l/Ve have .alsoprovided an.1eXtremely de# sirable form of pivot postforconnecting the' links 57 and 5.8.to the cross-head 56 and Yto theportions 59 and 60 of thevsliear arms. '.T his form of; pivot post isshown in= Figures 429, 30, 31 and 32.' By inspection of these gures itwill beapparent thatthe pivotpost l16() is provided .on its. upper.,portion .with any goil chamber lland that it has radially arrangedports 162 throughwhich the-oilis-fed to the.

connecting parts. The upper. end :of the post is :preferably"providedvwith la. diametricall)Y opposed slot 163 to facilitate; holdingl of theguide members-.approach veach y same .duringapplication or removal. lThelower endof. the post is...provided with, an

expansion` screwastuucture :in the form. of n-100.-.

split collar A164:A Which is internally threaded for the reception of aspreadingbolt 165;`

From the descriptionthus far given of lthe relation to the molds intowhich they-are being dropped. Also, it is evident that the degree ofoverlapping of the shears and the consequent .relative position of the`guides may be varied at will.

A further important feature of our invention:has todo Witlrthe provisionof the mechanisnrby which the :shear .structure may be partially rotatedto bring abOut tilting of The primary purpose of thisl is to make bothsides ofthis freshly cut end as near one plane as possible.. A doubly 1beneficial action results from vthisbecause. the freshly cut end of thecolumn is not only ren short charges is practically neutralized. This`type of cutting action is particularly im- 5 portant in our apparatusfor the reason that immediately after cutting we support the glass byfluid pressure. Under these conditions, any material irregularity of thefreshl'o I1y cut end such as mustfoccur from cutting with lever shearswill result in the distortion of succeeding charges. Whenever thisuneven surface kis left on the lower end of the glass from which thecharge has been cut, the application of fluid pressure thereto willresult in thel blowing back or supporting of one side of thecoluinn moreeffectively than the other side with the result that the succeedingcharge becomes distorted. In other words, if the freshly cut end of theglass presents a lower surface intwo planes, it will be extremely.difficult to balance the glassdue to the fact that more pressure isnecessary to balance one side of the column than the other side and whenthis occurs the succeeding charge will be distorted. An importantcharacteristic of our invention arises from the `fact that the movementof the shear blades both into and out of cutting relation is regulableindependently of the rate of production of the charges. As stated above,the introduction of air intermittently to cause successive operations ofthe shears is under the control of an automatic timer. lThis timer maybe driven at different speeds and may be adjusted so that feeding devicewill deliver charges at-varying rates. Thus, we may deliver twentycharges per minute or we may deliver more or less. However, ourshearstructure and tion of the rate of production of the chargesnecessarily results .in a variation of the reason that we are' able tohave this hi hly desirable result is that each operation-o the shearsfrom open position to closed position and back to open position againisinitiated merely by the introduction of an impulse of air under pressureand-is completed'by the automatic operation ofthe shear-actuatingmechanism which has been. described. i

' The many other features of our invention have been more fully setforth above. There are many advantages that arise from the structureoutlined and some of these advantages have already beenset forth.

Having thus described our invention, what i e we claim is:

the operating mechanism therefor is such speed of delivery movement. Theprimary' 1. A shear structure for severing molten lprising a pair ofcooperating -shear blades,'" 75 and means for tiltably adjusting saidstructure to depress one shear blade and to elevate the other bladeaccordingly.

3. A shear structure for a glass feeder com-- prising a pair of shears,means for tilting said shears, and means for adjusting saidshearsvertically and horizontally in any direction.

4. A shear structure for a glass feeder comprisin a pair of shears,meansfortilting said s ears, and means for adjusting said shearsvertically and horizontally in either direction, said last means beingof such a na- 'ture that proper adjustment may be attained regardless ofthe degree to which the shears vhave been tilted.

5. 'A shear structure for a lass feeder comprising a pair of shears, anmeans for tiltingsaid shears, said means being of such a constructionthat the relation of the center of the shears to the bottom of thedeliver less of the degree of tilt.

6. A shear structure for a glass feeder comprising a pair of shears, ameans for adjustin .said shears vertically, means for tilting saidshears, and a specially rounded surface to` ensure uniform adjustmentfor uniform vertical relation to the delivery oriiceof the feederregardless of the tilt of the shears.

7. A shear structure for a glass feeder comprising a pair 'of.shears,means for adjusting said shears vertically and horizontally in anydirection, means for tilting said shears, and a specially roundedsurface coactingwith the means for adjustment vertically andhorizontally to ensure uniform adjustment regardless of the tilt of theshears.

8. A shear structure for a glass feeder comorifice. of the feeder willbe the same regar prising a pair of shears, a universal support .eitherside .of said member for the rotation of the shear structure to anydesired position of tilt and for retention in such position; and aSpanner sleeve embraced by said member to avoid binding of the handwheels thereon.

10. A shear structure for a glass feeder com rising a pair of shears, arear cylindrical sha member, asplit sleeve, means for clamping saidsleeve to-said shank'member to hold it any adjusted position,.and meansfor adjusting said shankmember after releasing said ast-named member.

11. A shear structure for a glass feeder comprising a laterallyextending member, and hand wheels above and below said memberforadjusting said Amember to tilt the' shears, said member being roundedat the points of contact with the said hand wheels. i 12. A shearstructure for severing molten glass comprising a pair of shears movableinto overlappin relation when the shears are closed, means or openingand closing the adjusting the shear post relative to the cylinder-tovary the overlap of said shears.

14. A shear structure for a glass 'feeder comprising a, pair of sheararms, shear blades carried by said shear arms, arcuate guide memberssupported/on and vdepending from said shear arms below said shearblades, and means for varying the degree of overlap of said shears andthe distance between said arcuate guide members.

15. A shear structure for a glass feeder comprising a universal supportfor the rear of said structure, means for adjustably supporting thefront end of said shear structure from beneath, and a resilient meansfor resisting the 'upward movement of the front` end of said shearstructure bysaid adjusting means.

16. A shear structure for a glass feeder comprising a universal supportfor the rear of said shear structure, a means for laterally adjustingthe' forward Vend of said shear structure, said last means comprising anadjusting screw on one side of said shear structure and a resilientresisting element on the other side of said shear structure.

17. A shearstructure for a lass feeder comprising a universal support orthe rear' end of said shear structure, and a yoke support for the frontend of said shear ,-structure, one leg of said yoke being movable tobieing operable while the shears are in opera 1on. v

20. In shear structure for glass feeders, a shear actuating mechanismcomprising a cylinder, -a piston of differential .area construction,means for holding the shears open by the continuous application of airpressure tothe smaller area of said piston, means for closing saidshears by the intermittent application of air pressure to the greaterarea of said piston, anda differential area valve for controlling theexhaust or admission of air to said large area of said piston.

21. In shear structure for glassfeeders, shears, shear actuatingmechanism comprising a cylinder, aA piston operated in said cylinder toAopen and close saidshears, andV means for choking the ilow of air fromeither end of said cylinder to cushion the piston at either end of itsmovement, said means being variable by substitution to vary the rapidityof How, whereby the speed of opening and closing of the shears may bevaried.

22. In a shear structure for glass feeders, a shear actuating mechanismcomprising a cylinder, a piston designed to both open and close theshears under air pressure, and means ensuring a more rapid exhaust ofair from the rear of the piston during the opening action than from thefront of the piston during the cutting action of the shears, whereby thespeed of opening of the shear blades is more rapid than the closing ofsaid shears.

' 23. In shear structure for glass feeders, a shear lubricating device'comprising means for delivering oil laden air .to the shears.

24. In shear structure for glass feeders, a shear lubricating` devicecomprising a plurality of nozzles, for delivering a lubricating fluid tothe shear blades, said nozzles being so directed as to throw streams ofthis fluid along the cutting edges of said shear blades upon the upperand lower sides thereof.

25. In combination with a shear structure for glass feeders, a shearcooling device and means for directing streams of oil-laden air upon theshear blades.

26. In combination with a shear structure for glass feeders, a coolingdevice controlled by the movement ofthe shears for intermittentlydirecting a" cooling medium tothe shear blades.

27. The method of lubricating shear blades for severing `molten glasswhich comprises delivering streams of oil-laden air onto said blades.

28.In shear structure for glass feeders,

raaf

means for delivering oil-laden air to the -I shear blades, saidv meansbeing in operative during the cutting action and belng automaticallyoperated upon opening of the shears. Y

29. In shear structure for glass feeders,Y -n i u nozzles for directinga coolin medium to the shear blades, and a controlhng valve structurecontained in the shear postof such a nature that the iuid isautomatically cut oif during the cutting action of the shears andautomatically delivered each time the shears return to open position.

30. In shear structure for glass feeders, a pair of substantiallyinflexible shear blades each having re-entrant cutting edges, the saidblades being lso formed as to insure only two points of contact betweenthe said blades throughout the cutting action and so that the surfacesofSthe blades at the outer sides of these points of contactV are movedapart as the blades close, and a tensioning device for' holding theblades in cooperative relation, to insure the said two-point Contactbetween the said blades during the cutting operation.

31. In shear structure for glass feeders, shear arms,'a shear post uponwhich said arms are pivotally mounted, an air-controlling valve in theshear post through which oil is passed to the shear blades, and meansfor diverting some of said oil to lubricate the shear post and adjacentparts.

32. Shear structure for glass feeders comprising shear arms, shearblades carried by said arms, and arcuate guide members depending fromsaid shear arms beneathsaid shear blades. A

33. Shear structure for glass feeders comprising shear arms, shearblades, and coo erating guide members depending from sald shear arms,said guide members approximating the shape of the glass to be severed,said guide members being disposed at an angle from the vertical andbeing positioned on said arms to guide the severed charges as they drop'away from the feeder.

34. Shear structure for glass feeders comprising shear arms, shearblades', and guiding means depending from each of said shear arms, saidguide means being interchangeable and replaceable.

35. Shear structure for glass feeders comprising shear arms, shearblades, removable arcuate guide members depending from said shear armsand beneath said shear blades, said guide members being adapted topartially enclose a mold charge while being severed, and means fordetachin and substituting guides to vary the size of t e enclosureformed by saidv guides.

36. Shear structure for glass feeders comprising shear arms, shearblades, guide members depending from said arms beneath said blades, andmeans for varying both the degree of overlap of said shear blades andthe degree to which said guide members approach each other.

37. A shear structure fora glass feeder comprising a pair of pivotallymounted overlapping shear blades, means for opening and closing theshear blades, and means for adjusting said shears simultaneously aroundtheir pivotal axis to vary the degree of overlap.

38. A. shear structure for-,a glass feeder.

including a pair of pivoted shear blades, means for periodically openingand closing the shear blades, and means for simultaneously adjusting theshear blades to vary the degree of overlap of the shear blades, Saidmeans being in addition to the mechanism for effecting the periodicopening and closing of the shears.

39. In a shear structure'for a glass feeder, comprising a cylinder, asleeve .disposed adjacent said cylinder, shear arms mounted upon a pivotcarried by said sleeve, and means for adjusting said sleevelongitudinally relative to said cylinder to vary the overlap of saidshears.

40. In a shear structure for a glass feeder, comprising a cylinder, aslidable member disposed adjacent said cylinder, a pairof shear-'armsmounted on'said slidable member, shea-r blades carried by said arms,guide members supported by and depending from said arms,and means foradjusting the slidable member toward and f from the cylinder to vary thedegree of bverlap of said shears and the distance between said guidemembers. 4 41. The method of lubricating shear blades for severingmolten glass whlch comprises directing a cooling fluid alon the up erand under surfaces of thesaid lades simultaneously, after each severingoperation of the blades.

42. In -shear structure for glass feeders, a pair of shear blades, aliquid distributing device including nozzles carried by each shear bladefor intermittently directing acoolin mediumto the blades and forpredetermine intervals, said intervals being determined by the positionof the blades with respectto each other.

- 43. In shear structure for glass feeders, comprising aV post providedwith ducts, arms carrying shear blades mounted thereon, conduits mountedadjacent said arms adapted to register with said ducts, and means forperiodically cnnecting the ducts with the said conduits.

44. In shear structure for glass feeders, j

suspended mold charge just prior to and at the time of its severance bysaid shear blades.

46. Apparatus for gathering glass comrising a receptacle folnmolten lasswith a eed aperture in its base, knives orizontally disposed beneathsuch aperture, and means for adjusting` such knives so that they aretilted from the horizontal.

447. Glass gathering apparatus comprising a receptacle for molten glasswith a feed aperture therein, and knives below said feed aperture, saidknives being vertically and tiltably adjustable.

48.. Glass gathering apparatus comprising a pair of shears for cutting0E lumps of glass from a molten mass, and. means mounted on each shearfor so directing the deposit of such lumps that the cut surfaceremainsuppermost upon deposit. l

49. Glass gathering apparatus comprising means for cutting off lumps ofglass from a molten mass, and means for varyin the angle of the cuttingknives to direct the eposit.

50. Glass gathering apparatus comprising a pair of shears for cuttingoff lumps'of glass from a molten mass, and encircling elements;

one mounted on each shear, for preventing tilting of said lumps.

In testimony whereof we hereby aiix our signatures.

OLIVER M. TUCKER. WILLIAM A. REEVES.

